Map of Jammu and Kashmir, Courtesy: Wikipedia. Jammu-Kashmir.com, Facts and Figures [Alternate Link Cached]
2001 Census of J&K Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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- Collins & Lapierre, Mountbatten and Independent India, New Delhi 1984, pp.36-37.
Cable to C.R. Attlee from Nehru : New Delhi, 28 October 1947.
12. We are always ready to discuss any issue in dispute with representatives
of
Govt. of
Telegram, dated
[On
Govt. of
Nevertheless, in accepting the accession, the Government of India made it clear that they would regard it as purely provisional until such time as the will of the people of the State could be ascertained.
Govt. of
Telegram, dated
From Prime Minister of
[….]
"I should like to make it clear that [the] question of aiding
Govt. of
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime
Minister, in a broadcast from
"We have declared that the fate of
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition, Roxford 1997, pp.216-217
There was nothing very new about the idea of the plebiscite
as a means of solving Subcontinental problems. As we
have seen, it surfaced during the actual process of Partition prior to the
Transfer of Power in August. In September, it had been actively considered in
the context of Junagadh, a State with a Hindu
majority population whose Muslim Ruler had at the very
last moment of the British Raj decided to accede to
"we are entirely opposed to war and wish to avoid it. We want an amicable settlement of this[Junagadh] issue and we propose therefore, that wherever there is a dispute in regard to any territory, the matter should be decided by a referendum or plebiscite of the people concerned. We shall accept the result of this referendum whatever it may be as it is our desire that a decision should be made in accordance with the wishes of the people concerned. We invite the Pakistan Government, therefore, to submit the Junagadh issue to a referendum of the people of Junagadh under impartial auspices."
As in Junagadh so quite logically in the mirror image situation of the State of Jammu & Kashmir, an argument of which it is certain both Mountbatten and Nehru were aware.
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
Poonch Revolt in Spring 1947:
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:534,
Quotes from Pandit Prem Nath Bazaz published in a pamphlet "The Truth About Kashmir":
Restlessness was universal. In Punch, where thousands of demobilized Muslim
veterans live, an open armed rebellion broke out against the Maharaja and his
administration. The rebellion spread rapidly to the adjoining area of Mirpur, where was veterans also lived in large numbers.
Instead of realizing what he had done, the Maharaja egged on by Congress
leaders and his new counsellors, dispatched the whole
of the Dogra Army to quell the disturbances, or as
one colonel put it, to reconquer the area. The army
perpetrated unheard of atrocities on the people of Punch. Whole villages were
burned down and innocent people were massacred. Reports reaching
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:234, 1948, pp.250-1:
Telegram received by the Governor-General of
"Atrocious military oppression in Poonch. Public being looted and shot in random. Kindly intervene."
Telegram received by the Governor-General of Pakistan from the Muslims of Bagh Mallat,
"Fire opened by the Kashmir Government since 9th and 10th of Bhadon[around middle of September]. Our Muslim public loss estimated at 500 lives. Kindly intervene immediately."
Report from the Deputy Commissioner of the Rawalpindi
District to the Commissioner, Rawalpindi Division,
dated
"On my way back from
Sheikh Abdullah quoted in Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, 1948, Meeting No:226 p.68:
A report of Sheikh Abdullah's statement made on 21 October,
in
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition,
Roxford 1997, p.121
The fiscal situation in Poonch at this moment was
observed by Richard Symonds, a Quaker who was
carrying out relief work in the
The first clear sign of the Poonch revolt was the refusal by many villages and landlords dotted over the region to pay these new, and unaccustomed, taxes to the Maharaja's agents.
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition,
Roxford 1997, p.123
The various Azad Kashmiri stories of the origins of the Poonch revolt tend, naturally enough, towards the romantic, and they may well conceal events which have not been recorded and which involve unknown persons. What is undoubtedly true, however, is that in the last week of August a condition of unrest and spasmodic violence in Poonch had turned into an organised opposition to the Dogra Dynasty the like of which had not been seen since the revolt of Shams-ud-Din in the 1830s. Sir Hari Singh lacked the power, though probably he did not lack the wish, to treat the rebels as had his great-grandfather in that firm manner which, we have seen, so amazed G.T. Vigne. Thus the rebellion grew in strength as more and more ex-soldiers rallied to the cause, either bringing their weapons with them or capturing rifles from the State forces.
With all this the sources on the official
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Massacre of Muslims in
It is undeniable that later in October there was communal
violence all along the Pakistan-Kashmir border, from Kathua
to Bhimber to Mirpur, and
beyond. It is also undeniable that
Ian Stephens, Pakistan, New York 1963, p.200
But in the
A few
excerpts from the Official Records
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:234, 1948, pp.249-250:
Special Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph of
"Yet another element in the situation is provided by Sikh refugees from
the
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:534,
Shortly after the terrible slaughters in India, which accompanied partition, the Maharaja set upon a course of action whereby, in the words of the special correspondent of The Times of London published in its issue of 10 October 1948,"in the remaining Dogra area, 237,000 Muslims were systematically exterminated, unless they escaped to Pakistan along the border, by all the forces of the Dogra State headed by the Maharaja in person and aided by Hindus and Sikhs."
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:226, 1948, pp.71-2:
Mr. G.K. Reddy, a Hindu editor of Kashmir Times, in a statement
published in the Daily Gazette ,a Hindu paper of
"The mad orgy of Dogra violence against
unarmed Muslims should put any self-respecting human being to shame. I saw
armed bands of ruffians and soldiers shooting down and hacking to pieces
helpless Muslim refugees heading towards
Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:234, 1948, pp.252-3:
Telegram sent from
"Dogra military reinforced by numberless
Indian Army plain-clothers, Sikh jathas,
local and from abroad. Hindus and Rajputs,
armed with modern weapons, launched wholesale massacre of Muslims of Ranbirsinghpura, Akhnur, Samba
and Jammu Tehsils of Jammu District. Several thousand
Muslims already ruthlessly butchered. Hundreds of women abducted. All moveable
property looted and hundreds of Muslim villages burnt to ashes. Hostile forces, continuing killing suburban Muslims and burning
Muslim villages from all sides, now converging on
Telegram sent from
"Previous telegrams unheeded. Ten thousand Muslim refugees gathered
Rosin factory Miransahib. All butchered by Dogra military, after assurance from Kashmir Premier for
safety. Within fifteen miles radius of
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition, Roxford 1997, p.202
There was indeed a civil war raging in Poonch. In
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition,
Roxford 1997, p.128
There is evidence that from the outset regular troops and police in the State service joined informally and covertly, but enthusiastically, in these atrocities which, some have estimated, eventually resulted in the death of atleast 200,000 Muslims and drove twice as many into exile.
By the beginning of October the
India, District Census Handbook, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu District,
1961, p.15, p.5:
Summarised below:
In Jammu District alone, which is a part of the larger
The holocaust which raged through certain states like
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Sheikh Abdullah's changing positions
Balraj Puri, Jammu and Kashmir: Triumph and Tragedy of Indian federalisation, New Delhi 1981, pp.53-7
p.53: The Muslim Conference also changed its stand. In a resolution passed at a convention in Srinagar on 19 July 1947, under the Presidentship of Hamidullah Khan, the Conference respectfully and fervently "appealed to the Maharaja Bahadur to declare internal autonomy of the State as soon as possible and himself assuming the position of a constitutional monarch, establish a constituent assembly and simultaneously accede to the Dominion of Pakistan in the matter relating to defence, communication and external affairs."
p.56:In
response to pressure from
p.57:In
a public speech on October 9, he[Sheikh Abdullah] said: "Accession is of
little importance. Freedom is more important. We do not want to join either
dominion as slaves. I warn the Government of India and
Prem Nath Bazaz quoted in Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, 1951, Meeting No:534 p.6:
Quoted from Prem Nath Bazaz published in a
pamphlet "The Truth about
Sheikh Abdullah quoted in Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, 1948, Meeting No:226 pp.68-9:
Again in the Statesman of 22 October, a speech by Sheikh Abdullah is reported as follows:"Speaking at a reception today, Sheikh Abdullah, the Kashmiri Nationalist leader, pleaded for time to consider which dominion the State should join.....Muslims on the other hand, had learned of the fate of Muslims in Kapurthala, where, despite their majority, they had been wiped out...The same fate had been meted out to them in Alwar, Bharatpur, and Kapurthala, where the Muslim population had either been killed or expelled, but obviously the fear was that the same thing might be enacted in Kashmir."
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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Pathan Tribesmen Invasion
Horace
Alexander,
A few months later[after October 1947] I was assured by a
man in authority in Peshawar that the corpses of Muslims killed by the Dogras had been paraded through the Peshawar streets by men
who called on the people to support a "jehad"-
"a holy war"- against the infidels in power in Kashmir and in India.
A few days later thousands of tribesmen, with arms which must have been
supplied to them by someone in
Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict, New York 2000,
p.60.
Prem Nath Bazaz, a Kashmiri Pandit
disillusioned with Sheikh Abdullah and still opposed to the autocracy of the
maharaja, believed the motives of the tribesmen should be considered. 'They
wanted to liberate
Involvement
of Government of
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition, Roxford 1997, pp.136-137
There remains one major question to answer. What part had
the Government of Pakistan to play in this military venture into the state of
First: there were those who had supported from atleast 12 September the formation of the Azad Kashmir Government. Some were indeed of great
seniority in
Second: in the
Third: there were many individual soldiers in the Pakistan
Army who appreciated the importance of the Azad
Kashmir movement and felt it their duty to help it. A number of regulars took
leave, or became technically "deserters", to join the fray; but in
most cases this was later in the story. A few, like Colonel Akbar
Khan, took it upon themselves to assume senior staff responsibilities with the Azad Kashmiri forces. Subsequently, Akbar
Khan under the pseudonym "General Tariq"
was to take active command in the field, but not during the events under
consideration here. Some Pakistani officers merely turned a blind eye when
boxes of .303 ammunition mysteriously disappeared from
the armouries; but again, such actions were to become
more important later on. It is safe to say that there was very little regular
Pakistan Army presence, direct or indirect, in Major Khurshid
Anwar's column on the road to Uri between 22 and
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[19] Accession and plebiscite
Selected Works
of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series, Vol. 4,
Cable to C.R. Attlee from Nehru : New Delhi, 28 October 1947.
12. We are always ready to discuss any issue in dispute with representatives
of
Govt. of
Telegram, dated
[On
Govt. of
Nevertheless, in accepting the accession, the Government of India made it clear that they would regard it as purely provisional until such time as the will of the people of the State could be ascertained.
Govt. of
Telegram, dated
From Prime Minister of
[….]
"I should like to make it clear that [the] question of aiding
Govt. of
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime
Minister, in a broadcast from
"We have declared that the fate of
Sheikh
Abdullah, Flames of the Chinar,
While Mehr Chand Mahajan was to continue as Prime Minister, I [Sheikh
Abdullah] was appointed Director-General, Administration [on 27 October, 1947]- the first Kashmiri Muslim to hold this post. In my new
position I addressed the senior officials of the government, and categorically
stated that the future of
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition, Roxford 1997, p.185
Left behind in Baramula [on 27 and
28 October] were assorted groups of [Pathan]
tribesmen from the North-West Frontier Province and, even, it is very possible,
Afghanistan. Discipline was not the strongest characteristic of such men; and
their officers experienced serious difficulty in keeping them under control,
particularly when stories began to circulate of the arrival of the Sikhs (who
had been generally accepted by the tribesmen as the greatest scourge of the
Muslims in the communal massacres which accompanied Partition, and the
legitimate foe in any jihad, holy war) at Srinagar
airfield. The inevitable killing of Sikhs and Hindus in Baramula,
particularly merchants who had remained to guard their stock, now began to be
accompanied by indiscriminate looting and a considerable amount of rape,
applied as much to unfortunate Kashmiri Muslims as to the infidel. Usually
these outrages did not lead to massacre; but in a few cases, where leaders
completely lost control over their men, an orgy of killing was the result. This
was certainly the case at
Alastair Lamb, Incomplete Partition, Roxford 1997, pp.186-187
The Indian side has maintained, largely on the evidence of
European and American press reports which date to several days after the Indian
reoccupation of Baramula on 8 November, that many
thousands of people were killed there by the tribesmen (notably the reports in
New York Times by Robert Trumbull ). The town was by
this time virtually deserted, the Muslim population having fled, initially to
avoid the attentions of tearaway tribesmen and then
in fear of the advancing Indian Army, which was seen to represent the return of
the Dogras and the vengeful wrath of Sir Hari Singh. The unfortunate Baramula
residents may also, to judge from photographs published by the Indians, have
suffered bombardment by Indian mortars, artillery and, it may be, aircraft -
there is no doubt that the Indian side made extensive use of air power in the
first phase of the Kashmir campaign: all this may well have reinforced the
reluctance of the Baramula folk to stay put. By
subtracting the number of those who remained in Baramula
when the Indians arrived, or who turned up shortly after, from the pre-crisis
population of some 15,000 or so, casualty figures of up to 13,000 have been
calculated....[Alastair
Lamb, Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, Roxford 1991,
p.143: In fact, of course, it is meant no more than that the majority of the
town's people had gone away, as one would expect in the circumstances. If one
applied the refugee/killed ratio of Partition to
The Baramula affair has become
central to the Indian mythology about
First: as we have already suggested, it may well be that the
very fact of the Indian intervention on 27 October actually guaranteed in reaction
that some kind of cataclysm should take place on the part of the extremely
unsophisticated tribesmen. There seems to be little doubt that the Baramula affair followed the Indian arrival at
Second: whatever happened in Baramula that day is as nothing when compared to what has happened to Kashmiri men, women and children, at Indian hands since 1989. Those massacres which it is argued did not take place on 27 October and the days which immediately followed were not prevented; they were merely postponed for two generations, with the Indians now the vandals.
Finally: even in the first days of the Indian intervention the troops on the Indian side were not always particularly gentle with the civilian populations they encountered. The available records contain evidence of a number of atrocities perpetrated by the Indian military on the Kashmiris they had ostensibly come to the rescue which must have quite soon gone far to counter-balance whatever the Pathan tribesmen may have done at Baramula.
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[20] Instrument of accession
Instrument of accession Page 1 [Alternate Link Cached] Instrument of accession Page 2 [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict![[Alternate Link Cached]](kashmir_files/Kashmir-Accession-Document-a.jpg){kind=link}
![[Alternate Link Cached]](kashmir_files/Kashmir-Accession-Document-b.jpg){kind=link}
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[21] UNCIP Resolutions
UNCIP Resolution 5 January, 1949 UNCIP Resolution 1948 UNCIP Resolution 1951 Official Records of the United Nations Security Council, Meeting No:534, 6 March 1951, pp.13-20. Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[22] Article 370
Article 370 Article 370 Explained Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[23] Sheikh Abdullah's position from 1947-1952
Prem Nath Bazaz, Democracy through Intimidation and Terror,
Explaining on June 1948, why he induced the National
Conference to accept the State's accession to
Josef
Korbel, Danger in Kashmir,
Sheikh Abdullah's press interview quoted in The Hindu,
"we are going to exercise this
right[to decide the future of
Balraj Puri, Kashmir:
Towards Insurgency,
A few excerpts:
Sheikh Abdullah in a speech at Ranbir
Singh Pura in
"We have acceded to
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[24] UN Resolution 1957
UN Resolution 1957 [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[25] Article 370 erosion
Article 370: Law and politics [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[26] Simla Agreement
Simla Agreement [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[27] Kashmir Accord
Kashmir Accord [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[28] 1989 insurgency
A.G. Noorani: Contours of Militancy [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[29] Human Rights Watch report
HRW report 1994 Arms Pipeline [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[30] 1989 Insurgency
Pankaj Mishra: Birth of a Nation [Alternate Link Cached] [30a] Pankaj Mishra: Kashmir: The Unending War [Alternate Link Cached] [30b] William Darlymple: Kashmir: The Scarred and the Beautiful [Alternate Link Cached] [30c] Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict, New York 2000, p.150. [30d] Balraj Puri, Kashmir: Towards Insurgency, New Delhi 1993, p.63. Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[32] Renegade Militants
Main article on Renegade Militants in Kashmir In 1999, Gurbachan Jagat acknowledged that there were 1,200 renegades in the payroll of the government [Alternate Link Cached] Gurbachan Jagat acknowledged that the continued services of the renegades had become counter-productive in view of their excesses [Alternate Link Cached]US State Department 2002 Report on Renegade Militants [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[33] Kashmiris want militants to go
Kashmiris want militants to go [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[34] Autonomy in Kashmir
Balraj Puri, Jammu on the brink, 2001 [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[35] Chittisinghpora massacre
Pankaj Mishra, Death in Kashmir, 2000 [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[36] Autonomy Rejection
BBC News, Anger over Kashmir decision [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[37] Kashmir Ceasefire
BBC News, Kashmir ceasefire [Alternate Link Cached] BBC News, APHC on ceasefire [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[38] Agra Summit
BBC News, Agra Summit [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[39] Massacre of Minorities
Nadimarg Massacre [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[40] Amarnath Land protests
Amarnath Land controversy [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[41] Shopian rape and murder
Shopian rape and murder [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[42] Official Positions on Kashmir
Indian Position on Kashmir, Indian Embassy [Alternate Link Cached] Pakistan's Position on Kashmir, Pakistan Embassy [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[43] MORI poll
MORI poll, BBC News [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[44] Self determination
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[45] APHC: Hurriyat
Victoria Schofield on APHC [Alternate Link Cached] Balraj Puri on APHC [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[46] Yasin Malik Interview
Yasin Malik Interview in Time [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[47] Pakistan militants
Pakistan admission on militants [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[48] K.Subramanyam on Operation Topac war game
Edward Desmond, The Insurgency in
From the start of the trouble, many Indian journalists and
politicians have insisted that the
*Kargil
Review Committee Report, submitted in Indian Parliament on
One of the most realistic assessments of
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[49] Indian Embassy on Operation Topac
Indian Embassy on Operation Topac [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[50] Human Rights Record
Human Rights in Indian Kashmir Human Rights in Pakistan controlled areas Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[51] Human Rights Reports
The years of armed struggle have taken a heavy toll of lives lost, about which reliable figures are impossible to obtain. According to official handouts 19,866 people have died in Jammu and Kashmir since January 1990, including 9,123 members of armed opposition groups, 6,673 victims of armed opposition groups, 2,477 civilians killed by Indian security forces and 1,593 security personnel.(20) A year earlier on 24 April 1997, Minister of State for Home Affairs, Ali Mohammad Sagar, told the Legislative Assembly that in the seven years of unrest, 16,991 persons, including 7,849 civilians, 1,319 security personnel and 7,823 "militants" including 121 foreign mercenaries, had been killed. He admitted that 454 persons were missing since 1990. The Institute of Kashmir Studies believes that the number of dead since 1989-1990 lies between 40,000 and 50,000. Amnesty International Report, 1999Human Rights Watch Report, 1999 [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[52] Minorities killed
Estimate of Hindus and Sikhs killed in
According to Ministry of Home Affairs, between 1990 to 1999 (April) - 936 Hindus and 46 Sikhs killed in various incidents of attacks on minorities. #
Attacks on Minorities - Migration from the ValleyThe official estimate of Hindus and Sikhs killed between January 1990 and October 1992 is 241.* The official estimate of Hindus and Sikhs killed between 1997 and 2002 is less than 432. ** Obtaining an average of 85 killings per year and extrapolating it to 1993-1996, the estimated Hindus and Sikhs killed between Januray 1990 and June 2002 is around 1000.
*Balraj Puri, Kashmir: Towards Insurgency, New Delhi 1993, p.69: The Times of India, 5 February 1992, reported, quoting official sources, that militants killed 1585 men and women, including 981 Muslims, 218 Hindus, 23 Sikhs and 363 security personnel between January 1990 and October 1992.
Chronology of major terrorist attacks in country since 1997. [Alternate Link Cached]
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[53] Forced Migrations from Valley
Panun Kashmir Report [Alternate Link Cached]Balraj Puri, Kashmir: Towards Insurgency, New Delhi 1993, p.68. Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[54] Solution by Kashmir Study Group(KSG)
KSG: Hypothetical solution A and B [Alternate Link Cached] KSG: Kashmir: A Way Forward [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[55] Map of Andorra
Map of Andorra [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
![[Alternate Link Cached]](kashmir_files/andorra.png){kind=link}
| kashmir |
[56] Kashmir solutions and films
Solutions for kashmir: BBC [Alternate Link Cached] Crossing The Lines: Kashmir, Pakistan and India: Film on Kashmir [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[57] Elections in Kashmir
Election rigging in India [Alternate Link Cached]Prem Nath Bazaz, Democracy through Intimidation and Terror, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1978, p.87, p.15, p.124-132
P.S.Verma, Jammu and Kashmir at the political crossroads, 1994, p.114-125
Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict, New York 2000, p.92, p.122, p.150, p.231-232
Prem Nath Bazaz, Kashmir in crucible, p.87. APHC, WHITE PAPER ON ELECTIONS IN KASHMIR [Alternate Link Cached] Kofi Annan on KASHMIR [Alternate Link Cached] Voting in Kashmir [Alternate Link Cached] Indian embassy on POK Kashmir [Alternate Link Cached] Northern areas in Kashmir [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
| kashmir |
[58] Article 370 and politics
Article 370 and politics [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[59] Militant Abuses in Kashmir
Militant Abuses in the Valley [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[60] Estimated Number of Militants in Kashmir
Kashmir Times, July 8 2002 [Alternate Link Cached] In 1999, Gurbachan Jagat acknowledged that there were 1,200 renegades in the payroll of the government [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[61] Nadimarg Massacre
Nadimarg Massacre [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[62] State Governor Girish Saxena on Human Rights in Kashmir
Balraj Puri, Kashmir: Towards Insurgency, New Delhi 1993, pp.72-3. Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[63] Amarnath Massacre
Amarnath Massacre [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[64] Human Rights Reports by Amnesty
Amnesty International, Torture and Deaths in Custody in Jammu and Kashmir, 1995. [Alternate Link Cached] Amnesty International, Analysis of the Government of India's response to Amnesty International's report on torture and deaths in custody in Jammu and Kashmir, 1995. [Alternate Link Cached]Amnesty International, India (Jammu and Kashmir): Day of the "Disappeared", 2000. [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[65] Rapes in Kashmir
Kashmir troops held after rape, BBC News [Alternate Link Cached] Tavleen Singh, Kashmir: A Tragedy of Errors, New Delhi 1995, p.177.Asia Watch and Physicians for Human Rights, The Human Rights Crisis in Kashmir: A Pattern of Impunity, 1993, pp.98-107.
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
| kashmir |
[66] Human Rights in Kashmir
Human Rights Watch, India/Pakistan Summit: Call to Address Human Rights in Kashmir , 2001.Impunity in Kashmir, Human Rights Watch [Alternate Link Cached]
US State Department Report , February 23, 2001. [Alternate Link Cached] Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[67] Renegade Militants in Kashmir
The Hindu, `Security forces killed civilians', 17 July 2002. [Alternate Link Cached] Andrabi killing, US State Department Report , February 23, 2001.US State Department Report , February 23, 2001. [Alternate Link Cached] Andrabi and Wanchoo cases: Behind the Kashmir Conflict, Human Rights Watch, 1999 [Alternate Link Cached] [67d] Dr. Abdul Ahad Guru killing: Human Rights Watch, VIOLATIONS BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT FORCES: STATE-SPONSORED "RENEGADE" MILITIAS, 1996. [Alternate Link Cached] Communal killings in the Jammu region: Praveen Swami, The Kargil War, New Delhi 1999, pp.71-2.
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict
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[34] kashmir
Click here for website on History and Timeline of Kashmir Conflict| kashmir |
[31] Pandit migrations
Kuldip Nayar [Alternate Link Cached] [31a] Victoria Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict, New York 2000, p.154. Jagmohan, Current. 26 May - 1 June 1990, as quoted in PHRO Report, 1990."Every Muslim in
A few excerpts:
Pandit Migrations
The Jagmohan regime witnessed the exodus of almost
the entire small but vital Kashmir Pandit community
from the valley. Padma Vibhushan
Inder Mohan (later he renounced the title) and I [Balraj Puri] were the first
public men to visit
The experiment came under cross fire. The official attitude was far from cooperative. The rise of new militant groups, some warnings in anonymous posters and some unexplained killings of innocent members of the community contributed to an atmosphere of insecurity for the Kashmiri Pandits. A thorough, independent enquiry alone can show whether this exodus of Pandits, the largest in their long history, was entirely unavoidable.
[31c]Estimate of population of Hindus in
The 1981 Census in the
*1981 Census in the Kashmir Valley
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